What is Teething?
Last updated: November 23, 2024
When do babies usually start teething?
Babies usually start teething around 4 to 7 months of age, but this can vary widely from child to child. Some babies may begin teething as early as 3 months, while others might not show signs until closer to their first birthday. Every baby is different, and the timing can depend on a variety of factors, including genetics.
The first teeth to appear are usually the lower front teeth, called the central incisors. These are followed by the upper front teeth a few weeks or months later. After that, other teeth, such as lateral incisors, canines (pointed teeth), and molars, come in over time. By the time your child is around 3 years old, they typically have a full set of 20 baby teeth, also called primary teeth.
It’s completely normal if your baby starts teething a little earlier or later than expected. Some babies are even born with a tooth, known as a natal tooth. While less common, this is usually harmless but may require attention if it interferes with feeding or bothers the baby. On the other hand, if your baby hasn’t started teething by around 12 to 15 months, it’s a good idea to check in with your pediatrician or dentist to make sure everything is on track.
You might notice signs that your baby is starting to teethe even before the first tooth breaks through the gums. These signs may include increased drooling, chewing on toys or fingers, irritability, swollen gums, or trouble sleeping. However, not all babies experience discomfort during teething. Some may have little to no noticeable symptoms while others might feel more fussy or cranky. Every teething experience is unique.
During this phase, you can help your baby by offering teething toys or chilled (but not frozen) teethers to soothe their gums. Gentle gum massages with a clean finger can also provide relief. It’s important to avoid teething products that contain harmful ingredients like benzocaine, as these can be unsafe for babies.
Remember, teething is a natural process that supports your baby’s healthy dental development. If you have concerns about the timing or symptoms your baby is experiencing during teething, don’t hesitate to ask your dentist or pediatrician for advice. They can guide you and provide reassurance to ensure your baby’s teeth are developing properly.
How can I tell if my baby is teething?
You can usually tell if your baby is teething by looking for some common signs and symptoms. Every baby is different, but teething often starts between 4 and 7 months of age. As teeth begin to push through the gums, your baby might experience discomfort, and you may notice several changes in their behavior.
One of the earliest and most noticeable signs of teething is increased drooling. Babies tend to produce more saliva during this time, which may lead to a constant need to wipe their chin and neck to prevent irritation. Along with drooling, your baby might start putting everything in their mouth. They may chew on their fingers, toys, or other objects to soothe their sore gums.
Irritability and fussiness are also common when a baby is teething. You might notice your baby crying more than usual or becoming more clingy. This happens because the pressure and swelling in their gums can make them uncomfortable. Some babies also experience disrupted sleep during teething, waking more frequently at night or having trouble falling asleep.
Another sign of teething is swollen or tender gums. You may see that the gums in certain areas look red or slightly swollen. If you gently touch their gums, you might even feel the tooth just below the surface. Some parents report that their baby refuses to eat or drink as much during teething because the pressure on the gums can make sucking or chewing painful.
Occasionally, teething causes mild changes like a slight increase in body temperature, though it is not responsible for fever. Diarrhea and other major symptoms are not typically caused by teething and could indicate another issue that your pediatrician should address.
It’s important to note that while these are common signs, not every baby experiences noticeable symptoms. Some babies go through teething with little to no discomfort, while others may have a harder time. Keep an eye on your baby’s behavior and offer comfort as needed. You can help soothe their gums with tools like a teething ring, a cold washcloth, or gentle gum massages. If you have concerns or are unsure whether your baby is teething, consult your pediatrician or dentist for advice.
What can I do to help relieve my baby's teething pain?
Teething can be uncomfortable for babies, but there are several ways to help relieve their discomfort. Every baby reacts differently to teething, so you may need to try a few methods to find out what works best for your little one.
One of the simplest and safest ways to soothe teething pain is gently massaging your baby’s gums. You can use a clean finger or a soft, damp cloth to rub their gums carefully. The pressure can help reduce pain and provide temporary relief.
Teething toys or rings are another great option. Many teething toys are designed to be soft, textured, and easy for little hands to grip. Some are specifically made to be chilled in the refrigerator. A cold teething toy can help numb sore gums and reduce inflammation. However, avoid freezing teething toys, as they can become too hard and potentially harm your baby’s gums.
Cold foods can also provide some relief for teething babies who have started solid foods. For example, you could offer chilled yogurt, applesauce, or a small piece of cold cucumber for them to gnaw on (always supervise when giving solid foods). If your baby is young and hasn’t started solids yet, you can soak a clean, cold washcloth in breast milk or formula, freeze it slightly, and let your baby chew on it.
Distraction is another effective method to help your baby feel more comfortable. Engaging them in a favorite activity, singing to them, or taking them on a walk can help take their mind off the discomfort for a little while. Offering extra cuddles and attention can also comfort your baby during this challenging time.
It’s a good idea to avoid using numbing gels or teething medications without consulting your pediatrician or dentist first. Some over-the-counter products may contain ingredients that aren’t safe for babies or can cause harmful side effects, especially if ingested.
If your baby seems particularly irritable or in pain, you can discuss the use of infant pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen with your healthcare provider. These medications can be helpful as a short-term solution, but you should always use them according to your doctor’s advice and follow the instructions on the label.
Remember, teething is a normal part of your baby’s development, and the discomfort won’t last forever. By trying different soothing techniques and staying patient, you can help your baby get through the process more comfortably. If you’re ever concerned about your child’s symptoms, don’t hesitate to reach out to your dentist or pediatrician.
Are teething gels or medications safe for my baby?
Teething gels or medications are commonly used to ease the discomfort babies feel during teething. However, it’s important to use them carefully and understand their potential risks. In recent years, pediatricians and dental professionals have issued warnings about certain teething products, so knowing what’s safe for your baby is key.
Over-the-counter teething gels with benzocaine, like some oral numbing gels, are not recommended for infants or young children. Benzocaine can cause a rare but serious condition called methemoglobinemia, which reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood. This condition can be life-threatening, so it’s best to avoid products containing this ingredient. Always check labels and talk to your healthcare provider before using any teething product.
In addition to benzocaine, homeopathic teething tablets and gels have raised safety concerns. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued warnings about these products because they may contain inconsistent amounts of an active ingredient called belladonna, which can be harmful to infants. Due to these risks, many healthcare providers advise against using homeopathic teething remedies.
Instead of relying on medicated gels or tablets, safer options are available to soothe your teething baby. Gently massage your baby’s gums with a clean finger or let them chew on a cool, damp washcloth. Chilled (not frozen) teething rings can also help ease soreness. The cold temperature provides a numbing effect without the use of medication. However, avoid teething rings filled with liquid, as they can break and pose a choking hazard.
Over-the-counter pain relievers like infant acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, for babies over six months) may be suitable in cases of significant discomfort. Always check with your pediatrician for proper dosing and usage before giving these medications to your baby.
It’s also important to understand that teething, while uncomfortable, is a natural process. Babies may drool more, gnaw on objects, or become a little fussier than usual, but serious symptoms like high fever, diarrhea, or difficulty breathing are not normal for teething. If these occur, contact your pediatrician to rule out other issues.
Ultimately, while many teething gels and medications claim to provide relief, not all of them are safe or necessary. Focus on natural, age-appropriate ways to comfort your baby and talk to your dentist or doctor before using any teething product. Prioritizing safety will ensure that your baby can navigate the teething process as comfortably as possible.
How long does the teething process usually last?
The teething process varies for each child, but in most cases, it starts around 4 to 7 months of age and continues until about 2 to 3 years old. The timing and duration can be different depending on the individual baby, and some children may even start teething earlier or later than the typical range.
Teething is not a one-time event; it happens in stages as different teeth come in at different times. The entire process usually lasts over a period of 1.5 to 2 years as your baby gradually develops their full set of 20 primary teeth, also called baby teeth.
The first teeth to appear are typically the lower central incisors (the bottom front teeth), which generally erupt around 6 to 10 months. Following those, the upper central incisors (top front teeth) come in from about 8 to 12 months old. These are then followed by the lateral incisors (the teeth adjacent to the front teeth), first molars, canines (pointy teeth), and finally the second molars toward the back of the mouth. The second molars are often the last teeth to emerge and usually appear between 23 and 33 months of age. By the time your child is around 3 years old, they should have all their baby teeth.
Each tooth's emergence may last a few days up to a week, with a period of discomfort as the tooth pushes through the gum. However, it's important to note that teething is an intermittent process. There will likely be breaks between different teeth coming in, when your baby may seem completely fine and shows no teething symptoms at all.
Symptoms like drooling, irritability, gum swelling, and biting on objects usually accompany the teething process, but not every tooth causes noticeable discomfort. Some teeth, particularly molars, which are larger and have to break through more gum tissue, might cause more discomfort than others.
Keep in mind that while the overall teething timeline is generalized, every baby is unique. Some teeth may erupt earlier or later than expected, and that's perfectly normal within a reasonable range. If you’re concerned about significant delays in tooth eruption or think your baby is in extreme discomfort, consult your pediatrician or dentist. They can provide insight into whether the teething process is progressing normally and offer guidance for managing any pain or irritation your baby may experience.
Can teething cause a fever or diarrhea?
Some parents notice that their baby seems to have a fever or diarrhea when teething begins. However, teething itself typically does not directly cause these symptoms. It’s common for a baby to feel uncomfortable, fussy, or irritable during teething as the new tooth pushes through the gums. Tender or swollen gums can also cause some mild changes in their behavior, but signs like fever or diarrhea are usually unrelated.
When a baby is teething, they tend to put their hands, toys, or other objects in their mouth to soothe their gums. This can increase their exposure to germs, which might lead to a mild illness or infection. As a result, your baby might develop a low-grade fever or an upset stomach, but such symptoms are not caused by the teething process itself. If your baby has a fever higher than 100.4°F (38°C), or if they experience consistent diarrhea, it’s important to contact your pediatrician to rule out other illnesses.
Drooling is another common symptom of teething. Babies may drool more during this time, and excessive drooling can cause a mild rash or irritation around the mouth, chin, or neck. This drooling itself doesn’t directly relate to diarrhea, but some parents believe that swallowing more saliva during teething may temporarily upset a baby’s stomach. Still, any severe or prolonged symptoms should be evaluated by a doctor.
To keep your baby comfortable during teething, focus on soothing remedies like a clean teething ring, a cool damp washcloth, or gently massaging their gums with a clean finger. Make sure the baby’s toys and hands are clean to minimize the risk of harmful germs entering their system.
It’s important not to ignore fever, diarrhea, or other significant symptoms simply because your baby is teething. Seek medical advice if you notice severe symptoms like a high fever, persistent diarrhea, vomiting, a rash that spreads, or signs of dehydration such as fewer wet diapers and dry lips. These could point to another underlying condition that needs treatment.
In summary, while teething doesn’t directly cause fever or diarrhea, it can sometimes coincide with other issues that lead to these symptoms. Stay attentive to your baby’s overall health, and don’t hesitate to contact your pediatrician if you’re unsure.
Should I clean my baby's gums before their teeth come in?
Yes, you should clean your baby’s gums before their teeth come in. Even before teeth appear, caring for your baby's oral health is important. Cleaning your baby’s gums helps remove milk residue, formula, or other substances that might build up and create a breeding ground for bacteria. While your baby may not have teeth yet, bacteria can still affect the gums and lead to infections or future oral health issues.
To clean your baby's gums, use a soft, damp cloth or a clean piece of gauze. Make sure to use clean water—there's no need for toothpaste at this stage. Wrap the cloth or gauze around your finger, and gently wipe down your baby’s gums after each feeding or at least once or twice a day. Focus on cleaning both the lower and upper gumline to get into the habit of thorough cleaning. Not only does this remove bacteria, but it also helps your baby get used to the sensation of oral care early on.
Starting this routine early will keep your baby’s gums healthy, but it also helps establish good hygiene habits for the future. Once teething begins, this familiarity with oral care can make it easier for both you and your baby to transition into brushing their teeth as they erupt. It creates a positive association with oral health care, making it less likely for your baby to become resistant when brushing becomes necessary.
Some parents worry that gum cleaning might hurt their baby, especially during teething. However, if you clean gently and use a soft material, it won’t cause pain and may even soothe sore or irritated gums. During teething, you can also use a soft silicone finger brush made for babies to massage their gums and keep them clean while providing comfort from teething discomfort.
In addition to cleaning, ensure your baby has access to clean teething toys or rings. These can help soothe teething discomfort while minimizing the risk of bacteria buildup in the mouth. Remember, bacteria can transfer from objects your baby puts in their mouth, so keeping their toys clean is just as important as cleaning their gums.
By starting this early habit of gum cleaning, you set the foundation for a lifetime of good oral hygiene. It’s simple, quick, and beneficial for ensuring your baby’s gums stay healthy as their first teeth begin to emerge. If you ever have concerns about your baby’s gums or the teething process, don’t hesitate to ask your dentist for advice.
When should I schedule my baby's first dental visit?
It’s important to schedule your baby’s first dental visit early to set the foundation for good oral health. The American Dental Association (ADA) and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) both recommend that you take your child to the dentist within six months of their first tooth coming in or by their first birthday—whichever happens first.
This visit might seem early, but it’s a crucial step in monitoring the growth and development of your child’s teeth and gums. Baby teeth, also called primary teeth, play an important role in helping your child chew properly, speak clearly, and maintain space for adult teeth later on. Early dental care can help identify potential issues like tooth decay, gum problems, or alignment issues before they develop further. Catching problems early makes them easier to treat and prevents more serious complications down the road.
During the first visit, the pediatric dentist or family dentist will examine your baby’s mouth, gums, teeth (if any have erupted), and jaw growth. The dentist will look for signs of cavities, plaque, or any abnormalities. For infants who don’t yet have teeth, the dentist will focus on gum health and jaw development. This visit is also an opportunity for you to ask questions about your baby’s oral care, teething symptoms, thumb-sucking, pacifier use, or how to clean your baby’s teeth and gums properly.
One of the main goals of the first visit is to help your child become familiar and comfortable with the dental office setting. Starting early can help prevent fear or anxiety about dental visits as your child grows. A positive first experience will help build trust and encourage a good relationship between your family and the dentist.
To prepare for the visit, try to schedule the appointment at a time when your baby is usually well-rested and in a good mood, such as after a nap. Bring your baby’s medical history and be prepared to discuss their teething timeline and eating or drinking habits. You can also bring your baby’s favorite toy or comfort item to make the experience more relaxing for them.
Taking your baby to the dentist by their first birthday not only helps protect their oral health but also sets the foundation for a lifetime of healthy dental habits. Starting early and staying consistent with regular dental visits can help prevent problems and make dental care a natural part of your child’s routine.